Acute toxicity and therapeutic application of Zizyphus lotus and Ruta chalepensis phenolic extracts in treatment of gastroenteritis induced by Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae

Nour El Houda Bekkar; Foufa Bouabsa; Boumediene Meddah; Bahadir Keskin; Yavuz Selim Cakmak; Abdenacer Tou

doi:10.14232/abs.2023.1.123-144

Authors

Nour El Houda Bekkar Université Mustapha Stambouli de Mascara , Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiological Engineering and Health Safety,
Foufa Bouabsa Université Mustapha Stambouli de Mascara , Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiological Engineering and Health Safety, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2628-7946
Boumediene Meddah Université Mustapha Stambouli de Mascara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-012X
Bahadir Keskin Yıldız Technical University , Department of Chemistry https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-8982
Yavuz Selim Cakmak Aksaray University , Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8954-5485
Abdenacer Tou University Hospital of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Anatomopathology Department

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14232/abs.2023.1.123-144

Keywords:

gastroenteritis, phenolic extracts, Ruta chalepensis, Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae, therapeutic application, Zizyphus lotus

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the antigastroenteritis effect against Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae after therapeutic application of hydromethanolic extracts (MeOH.E) and aqueous extracts (Aq.E) of Zizyphus lotus (ZL) and Ruta chalepensis (RC). Acute oral toxicity was elucidated using in vivo methods and antigastroenteritis effect were evaluated using S. enterica subsp. arizonae-induced diarrheal model. Furthermore, test groups were treated with 400 mg/kg of the MeOH.E and Aq.E of each plant, while the control group was given neomycin (200 mg/kg) as standard antibiotic treatment, positive and negative controls were given the infectious germ (4 × 10⁶ cells/mL) and 0.9% saline solution NaCl (10 ml/kg), respectively. Both plants extracts showed no toxicity for all the animals, so the LD₅₀ was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Moreover, an important bactericidal effect, using both plants extracts was determined against S. enterica subsp. arizonae cells in the intestine. In parallel, a decrease in alkaline phosphatase, amino alanine transferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels was observed with reduction in blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate in all treated animals. Thus, these results could be exploited in the medical field for the formulation of potent antibacterial drugs that cure severe gastrointestinal infections.